![]() ![]() In this context, an explanation of the relationship between ZEST and AIZE might be useful. ![]() 14 In the present study, binocular random single-eye testing with imo 24plus (1-2) AIZE was completed in just less than 11 minutes. Matsumoto et al reported that imo’s 4-2 dB bracketing algorithm lengthened examination time for the binocular random single-eye test compared with HFA (17.3☑.25 vs 16.0☑.21 minutes). Despite first-time examination with imo 24plus (1-2), the perimeter was strongly and significantly correlated with HFA 30-2 in terms of MD and VFI and the modified AIZE algorithm was associated with significantly shorter measurement time compared with ZEST. Examinations were conducted in the usual outpatient environment and involved subjects with previous experience of visual field testing who had shown stable results. To evaluate the possible benefits of imo perimetry for glaucoma, this study compared imo 24plus (1-2) AIZE with HFA SITA standard 30-2, two visual field tests with similar numbers of measurement points. Data collection was performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients after thorough explanation of the study objectives. Advance approval was granted by the Kinki University Ethics Committee (no 26-239). The study was planned in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Cases seen within 1 week after introduction of imo were not included in the analysis to account for the examiner’s level of skill with each type of imo. Glaucoma cases were included regardless of disease type. Other cases that the physician considered unsuitable for examination were also excluded. The study enrolled patients with glaucoma and those suspected of having glaucoma who had previously undergone testing with HFA 30-2 SITA at least five times with good reproducibility of results (MD value fluctuation3.0 D, or astigmatic refraction >2.5 D were excluded. The specifications of the imo perimeter unit are described in Table 1, and its main features are summarized below. 14 Briefly, the device consists of a main body, a monitor, and a patient response button ( Figure 1). ![]() The basic structure and function of imo have been reported in detail by Matsumoto et al. As such, the device may have extensive clinical application. Examinations can be performed at any location including patients’ homes, health care centers, or neurology offices. 14 Owing to the head-mounted design, examinations do not require a dark room or a large space to install equipment. 11 – 13 imo ® (CREWT Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan), the device used in this study, is the only head-mounted perimeter currently in use in clinical practice. However, these devices show similarities to the SAP grayscale, and clinical data have yet to be collected. In recent years, more practical devices using virtual reality glasses have been developed. Although a study of a portable head-mounted perimetry system was reported previously, 10 no device has yet demonstrated clinical utility. Head-mounted perimeters have been developed for such a purpose. Hyperkinetic patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders, or patients with sarcopenia, can also experience difficulties.įor aging societies such as in Japan, the need exists for a portable perimeter that can be used for examination anytime and anywhere, without the need for patients to maintain a fixed position. However, it is often difficult for elderly people to maintain the same position or for wheelchair users to maintain their trunk in a given position. 9 Using conventional SAPs, subjects are required to maintain a fixed position for a period of time during the examination. The incidence of glaucoma increases with advancing age. Visual field examination is clinically important not only for diagnosis and staging 4 – 8 but also for examination of various neurological disorders affecting vision. Static automatic perimeters (SAPs), such as the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) and Octopus perimeter (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland), are widely used in the clinical setting and have become the international standard. The visual field examination is useful to diagnose glaucoma and assess progression. 3 The WHO recognizes that early and appropriate treatment to halt progression is key to preventing avoidable blindness. 1, 2 An estimated 4.5 million people are blind due to primary glaucoma, accounting for approximately 12% of global blindness. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness, both in developed and developing countries, and its prevalence is expected to increase in future. ![]()
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